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Lillian Hellman
Lillian Florence "Lilly" Hellman (June 20, 1905 – June 30, 1984) was an American dramatist and screenwriter known for her success as a playwright on Broadway, as well as her left-wing sympathies and political activism. She famously was blacklisted by the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) at the height of the anti-communist campaigns of 1947–52. Although she continued to work on Broadway in the 1950s, her blacklisting by the American film industry caused a precipitous decline in her income during which time she had to work outside her chosen profession. Hellman was praised by many for refusing to answer questions by HUAC; however, her denial that she had ever belonged to the Communist Party was doubted by many, including war correspondent Martha Gellhorn, former wife of Ernest Hemingway and literary critic and Hellman rival Mary McCarthy.
Hellman was romantically involved with fellow writer and political activist Dashiell Hammett, author of the classic detective novels ''The Maltese Falcon'' and ''The Thin Man'', who also was blacklisted for 10 years until his death in 1961. The couple never married, as Hammett already had a wife. As a playwright, Hellman had many successes on Broadway, including ''Watch on the Rhine'', ''The Autumn Garden'', ''Toys in the Attic'', ''Another Part of the Forest'', ''The Children's Hour'' and ''The Little Foxes''. She adapted her semi-autobiographical play ''The Little Foxes'' into a screenplay, starring Bette Davis, which received an Academy Award nomination in 1942.
Hellman's reputation suffered after her veracity was attacked by Mary McCarthy during an October 10, 1979 appearance on ''The Dick Cavett Show''. Hellman sued McCarthy for libel. It was revealed that Hellman's popular memoirs such as ''Pentimento'' were rife with errors, but that the "Julia" section of ''Pentimento'', which had been the basis for the Oscar-winning 1977 movie of the same name, likely was a fabrication based on the life of Muriel Gardiner. Martha Gellhorn joined McCarthy in the attack on Hellman's veracity, showing that Hellman's remembrances of Gellhorn's ex-husband Ernest Hemingway and the Spanish Civil War were wrong. Tagged with the onus of being an unrepentant Stalinist by the staunchly anti-Stalinist McCarthy and others, Hellman remains a divisive figure of American letters.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.economist.com/node/21552535 )〕
==Biography==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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